Kamenev (Russian: Ка́менев; masculine) or Kameneva (Ка́менева; feminine) is a common Russian surname. It may refer to:
- Lev Kamenev, Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician
- Lev Lvovich Kamenev, Russian landscape painter
- Olga Kameneva, Soviet politician, Lev Kamenev's wife and Leon Trotsky's sister
- Sergey Kamenev, Soviet military leader
- Gavriil Kamenev, Russian poet
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