Groups
The Kalapuya comprised eight related groups speaking three different dialects of the Oregon Penutian language family: Northern Kalapuyan, Central Kalapuyan, and Yoncalla (also called Southern Kalapuya). These languages were mutually unintelligible.
Their territory comprised the Willamette Valley, as well as the valley of the Umpqua River in Douglas County.
The Kalapuyan groups (identified by language) are:
- Tualatin, also known as the Atfalati, who live along the Tualatin River (Northern Kalapuya)
- Yamhill, who live along the Yamhill River (Northern Kalapuya)
- Pudding River (Ahantchuyuk), who live along the Pudding River (Central Kalapuya)
- Luckiamute, who live along the Luckiamute River (Central Kalapuya)
- Santiam, who live along the lower Santiam River near present-day Lebanon (Central Kalapuya)
- Mary's River (Chepenefa), who live along the Mary's River near present-day Corvallis (Central Kalapuya)
- Muddy Creek (Chemapho), who live along Muddy Creek (Central Kalapuya)
- Tsankupi, who live along the Calapooia River (Central Kalapuya)
- Mohawk, who live along the Mohawk River (Central Kalapuya)
- Chafan
- Long Tom (Chelamela), who live along the Long Tom River (Central Kalapuya)
- Winefelly, who live along the Mohawk, McKenzie, and Coast Fork Willamette rivers. (Central Kalapuya)
- Yoncalla, who live along the Umpqua River. (Yoncalla)
In his description of the Indians of the Willamette Valley in 1849, Governor Joseph Lane gave the following estimates for the tribes' populations: "Calipoa": 60; "Tualatine": 60; "Yam Hill": 90; "Lucka-mues": 15.
Read more about this topic: Kalapuya People
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