Origin of Name, Nicknames and Pseudonyms
Stalin's original Georgian name is transliterated as "Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili" (Georgian: იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე ჯუღაშვილი). The Russian transliteration of his name Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Джугашви́ли is in turn transliterated to English as "Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili". Like other Bolsheviks, he became commonly known by one of his revolutionary noms de guerre, of which "Stalin" was only the last. Prior nicknames included "Koba", "Soselo", "Ivanov" and many others.
Stalin is believed to have started using the name "K. Stalin" sometime in 1912 as a pen name.
During Stalin's reign his nicknames included:
- "Uncle Joe", by western media, during and after World War II.
- "Kremlin Highlander" (Russian: кремлевский горец), in reference his Caucasus Mountains origin, notably by Osip Mandelstam in his Stalin Epigram.
- "Dear father" (Russian: батюшка, batyushka), as he was portrayed as the paternal figure of the Revolution.
- "Vozhd"' (Russian: Вождь, "the Chieftain"), a term from pre-Tsarist times.
Read more about this topic: Joseph Stalin, Personal Life
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