Letters
| Character | Isolated | Initial | Medial | Final | Sound represented | Rumi equivalent | Name | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ا | ا | ـا | /a/ | a | alif | 0627 | ||
| ب | ب | بـ | ـبـ | ـب | /b/ | b | ba | 0628 |
| ت | ت | تـ | ـتـ | ـت | /t/ | t | ta | 062A |
| ة | ة | ـة | /t/ | t | ta marbutah | 0629 | ||
| ث | ث | ثـ | ـثـ | ـث | /s/ | s | sa | 062B |
| ج | ج | جـ | ـجـ | ـج | /d͡ʒ/ | j | jim | 062C |
| ح | ح | حـ | ـحـ | ـح | /h/ | h | ha | 062D |
| چ | چ | چـ | ـچـ | ـچ | /t͡ʃ/ | c | ca | 0686 |
| خ | خ | خـ | ـخـ | ـخ | /x/ | kh | kha | 062E |
| د | د | ـد | /d/ | d | dal | 062F | ||
| ذ | ذ | ـذ | /z/ | z | zal | 0630 | ||
| ر | ر | ـر | /r/ | r | ra | 0631 | ||
| ز | ز | ـز | /z/ | z | zai | 0632 | ||
| س | س | سـ | ـسـ | ـس | /s/ | s | sin | 0633 |
| ش | ش | شـ | ـشـ | ـش | /ʃ/ | sy | syin | 0634 |
| ص | ص | صـ | ـصـ | ـص | /s/ | s | sad | 0635 |
| ض | ض | ضـ | ـضـ | ـض | /d/ | d | dad | 0636 |
| ط | ط | طـ | ـطـ | ـط | /t/ | t | tho | 0637 |
| ظ | ظ | ظـ | ـظـ | ـظ | /z/ | z | zho | 0638 |
| ع | ع | عـ | ـعـ | ـع | /ʔ/ | a | ain | 0639 |
| غ | غ | غـ | ـغـ | ـغ | /ɣ/ | gh | ghain | 063A |
| ڠ | ڠ | ڠـ | ـڠـ | ـڠ | /ŋ/ | ng | nga | 06A0 |
| ف | ف | فـ | ـفـ | ـف | /f/ | f | fa | 0641 |
| ڤ | ڤ | ڤـ | ـڤـ | ـڤ | /p/ | p | pa | 06A4 |
| ق | ق | قـ | ـقـ | ـق | /ʔ/ and /q/ | q | qaf | 0642 |
| ک | ک | کـ | ـکـ | ـک | /k/ | k | kaf | 06A9 |
| ݢ | ݢ | ݢـ | ـݢـ | ـݢ | /g/ | g | ga | 0762 |
| ل | ل | لـ | ـلـ | ـل | /l/ | l | lam | 0644 |
| م | م | مـ | ـمـ | ـم | /m/ | m | mim | 0645 |
| ن | ن | نـ | ـنـ | ـن | /n/ | n | nun | 0646 |
| و | و | ـو | /w/ and /u, o, ɔ/ | w and u, o | wau | 0648 | ||
| ۏ | ۏ | ـۏ | /v/ | v | va | 06CF | ||
| ه | ه | هـ | ـهـ | ـه | /h/ | h | ha bulat | 0647 |
| ي | ي | يـ | ـيـ | ـي | /j/ and /i, e, ɛ/ | y and i, e | ya | 064A |
| ڽ | ڽ | ڽـ | ـڽـ | ـڽ | /ɲ/ | ny | nya | 06BD |
| ء | ء | ء | /ʔ/ | - | hamzah | 0621 | ||
| أ | أ | ـأ | /ʔ, a, u/ | a, u | alif with hamzah above | 0623 | ||
| إ | إ | ـإ | /ʔ, i/ | i | alif with hamzah below | 0625 | ||
| ئ | ئ | ئـ | ـئـ | ـئ | /ʔ/ | - | ye with hamzah above | 0626 |
| لا | لا | لا | ـلا | ـلا | /la/ | la | lam alif |
- Letters with no initial and middle forms adopt the isolated form, because they cannot be joined with other letter (ا, د, ذ, ر, ز, و, ۏ, ء)
- The letter hamzah is only present in isolated form in the Malay language.
Read more about this topic: Jawi Alphabet
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“Certainly, young children can begin to practice making letters and numbers and solving problems, but this should be done without workbooks. Young children need to learn initiative, autonomy, industry, and competence before they learn that answers can be right or wrong.”
—David Elkind (20th century)
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