Members
The Japonic (or Japanese–Ryukyuan) languages are:
- Japanese (日本語)
- Hachijō (conservative dialects of the Hachijōjima and Daitō Islands, including Aogashima)
- Mainland Japanese
- Eastern Japanese, most dialects from Nagoya east
- Western Japanese, most dialects west of Nagoya
- Kyūshū, Kyūshū
- Satsugū, southern Kyūshū, around Satsuma, sometimes separated from Kyushu dialect
- Ryukyuan (琉球語)
- Amami–Okinawan
- Amami (奄美語)
- Okinawan (沖縄語)
- Miyako (宮古語)
- Yaeyama (八重山語)
- Yonaguni (与那国語)
- Amami–Okinawan
Beckwith, who controversially believes that the closest relatives of Japonic are the Koguryoic languages, includes toponymic material from southern Korea as evidence of a Japonic language there:
- Yayoi
- Japanese
- Pre-Kara†
- Ryukyuan
It is not clear if "pre-Kara" was related to the language of the later Gaya (Kara) confederacy.
Read more about this topic: Japonic Languages
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