Japonic Languages - Members

Members

The Japonic (or Japanese–Ryukyuan) languages are:

  • Japanese (日本語)
    • Hachijō (conservative dialects of the Hachijōjima and Daitō Islands, including Aogashima)
    • Mainland Japanese
      • Eastern Japanese, most dialects from Nagoya east
      • Western Japanese, most dialects west of Nagoya
      • Kyūshū, Kyūshū
        • Satsugū, southern Kyūshū, around Satsuma, sometimes separated from Kyushu dialect
  • Ryukyuan (琉球語)
    • Amami–Okinawan
      • Amami (奄美語)
      • Okinawan (沖縄語)
    • Miyako (宮古語)
    • Yaeyama (八重山語)
    • Yonaguni (与那国語)

Beckwith, who controversially believes that the closest relatives of Japonic are the Koguryoic languages, includes toponymic material from southern Korea as evidence of a Japonic language there:

  • Yayoi
    • Japanese
    • Pre-Kara†
  • Ryukyuan

It is not clear if "pre-Kara" was related to the language of the later Gaya (Kara) confederacy.

Read more about this topic:  Japonic Languages

Famous quotes containing the word members:

    “Safe in their Alabaster Chambers—
    Untouched by Morning
    And untouched by Noon—
    Sleep the meek members of the Resurrection—”
    —Emily Dickinson (1830–1886)

    “I rejoice that horses and steers have to be broken before they can be made the slaves of men, and that men themselves have some wild oats still left to sow before they become submissive members of society. Undoubtedly, all men are not equally fit subjects for civilization; and because the majority, like dogs and sheep, are tame by inherited disposition, this is no reason why the others should have their natures broken that they may be reduced to the same level.”
    —Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

    “A commercial society whose members are essentially ascetic and indifferent in social ritual has to be provided with blueprints and specifications for evoking the right tone for every occasion.”
    —Marshall McLuhan (1911–1980)