Languages of Agamas and Literature
Jainism puts great value on learning. Jains have been prolific authors and avid readers for centuries. India's oldest manuscript libraries have been preserved in Jaisalmer and Patan by Jain scholars. According to the 2001 census, the Jains are the most literate community in India.
The Jain literature includes both religious texts and books on generally secular topics such as sciences, history, and grammar. The Jains have used several languages at different times and in different regions of India.
- Prakrit
- Prakrit literature includes the Agamas, Agama-tulya texts, and Siddhanta texts. The dialect used to compose many of these texts is referred to as Jain Prakrit. Composition in Prakrits ceased around 10th cent AD.
- Sanskrit
- Writing in Sanskrit became common after about the 1st century CE beginning with the Tattvartha Sutra of Umaswati. Jain Sanskrit literature includes Puranas, Koshas, śrāvakācāras such as the Ratnakaranda śrāvakācāra, mathematical works, and nighantus.
- Apabhraṃśa
- Produced from about 10th to 15th cent CE, these texts include Kahas, rasas, and grammars. Most known Apabhraṃśa texts are of Jain origin.
- Tamil
- Some of the early Tamil classics such as Valayapathi, Silappatikaram and Civaka Cintamani are Jain or Jain-affiliated works.
- Hindi-Urdu
- In the past 8-9 centuries numerous Jain texts were written in Hindi-Urdu, including Ardha-kathanaka, Chhah-dhala, and Moksh Marg Prakashak.
- Kannada
- The earliest texts in Kannada, such as Shivakotiacharya's Vaddaradhane, are works by Jains.
- Gujarati language
- Śālibhadrasūri's Bhārateśvarabāhubali (1085), the first Gujarati book, was by a Jain author.
Read more about this topic: Jain Texts
Famous quotes containing the words languages and/or literature:
“The less sophisticated of my forbears avoided foreigners at all costs, for the very good reason that, in their circles, speaking in tongues was commonly a prelude to snake handling. The more tolerant among us regarded foreign languages as a kind of speech impediment that could be overcome by willpower.”
—Barbara Ehrenreich (b. 1941)
“The cinema is not an art which films life: the cinema is something between art and life. Unlike painting and literature, the cinema both gives to life and takes from it, and I try to render this concept in my films. Literature and painting both exist as art from the very start; the cinema doesn’t.”
—Jean-Luc Godard (b. 1930)