Isocitrate Dehydrogenase - Clinical Significance

Clinical Significance

Specific mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene IDH1 have been found in several brain tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma multiforme, with mutations found in nearly all cases of secondary glioblastomas, which develop from lower-grade gliomas, but rarely in primary high-grade glioblastoma multiforme. Patients whose tumor had an IDH1 mutation had longer survival. It is not known how the IDH1 mutation contributes to development of glioblastoma multiforme. Furthermore mutations of IDH2 and IDH1 were found in up to 20% of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations are known to produce (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate from alpha-ketoglutarate. Somatic mosaic mutations of this gene have also been found associated to Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome.