Irish Republican Army - Civil War

Civil War

The pro-treaty IRA soon became the nucleus of the new (regular) Irish National Army created by Collins and Richard Mulcahy. British pressure, and tensions between the pro- and anti-Treaty factions of the IRA, led to a bloody civil war, ending in the defeat of the anti-Treaty faction. On 24 May 1923, Frank Aiken, the (anti-treaty) IRA Chief-of-Staff, called a cease-fire. Many left political activity altogether, but a minority continued to insist that the new Irish Free State, created by the "illegitimate" Treaty, was an illegitimate state. They asserted that their "IRA Army Executive" was the real government of a still-existing Irish Republic. The IRA of the Civil War and subsequent organisations that have used the name claim lineage from that group, which is covered in full at Irish Republican Army (1922–1969).

For information on later organisations using the name Irish Republican Army, see the table below. For a genealogy of organisations using the name IRA after 1922, see List of organisations known as the Irish Republican Army.

Armed Republican groups in Ireland
Earlier organisations
Society of United Irishmen (1791–1804)
Young Ireland (1839–1849)
Irish Republican Brotherhood (1858–1922)
Fenian Brotherhood (1858–1867)
Clan na Gael (1867–1922)
Easter Rising
Irish Citizen Army (1913–1947)
Irish Volunteers (1913–1919)
Cumann na mBan (1914–present)
Irish War of Independence
Irish Republican Army (Army of the Irish Republic) (1919–1922)
Irish Civil War
Anti-treaty Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
Later organisations
Saor Uladh (1950s) • Saor Éire (1967–1975)
Provisional IRA (1969–present)
Official IRA (1969–present)
Irish National Liberation Army (1974–present)
Irish People's Liberation Organisation (1986–1992)
Continuity IRA (1986–present)
Real IRA (1997–present)
Óglaigh na hÉireann (Continuity IRA splinter group) (2006–2009)
Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group) (2006–present)

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Famous quotes related to civil war:

    “We have heard all of our lives how, after the Civil War was over, the South went back to straighten itself out and make a living again. It was for many years a voiceless part of the government. The balance of power moved away from it—to the north and the east. The problems of the north and the east became the big problem of the country and nobody paid much attention to the economic unbalance the South had left as its only choice.”
    —Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908–1973)

    “During the Civil War the area became a refuge for service- dodging Texans, and gangs of bushwhackers, as they were called, hid in its fastnesses. Conscript details of the Confederate Army hunted the fugitives and occasional skirmishes resulted.”
    —Administration in the State of Texa, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943)

    “... there was the first Balkan war and the second Balkan war and then there was the first world war. It is extraordinary how having done a thing once you have to do it again, there is the pleasure of coincidence and there is the pleasure of repetition, and so there is the second world war, and in between there was the Abyssinian war and the Spanish civil war.”
    —Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)