There are several hundred Indigenous peoples of Australia; many are groupings that existed before the British colonisation of Australia in 1788. Before Anglo-Europeans, the number was over 400.
Indigenous or groups will generally talk of their "people" (sometimes their "mob") and their "country". These countries are ethnographic areas, usually the size of an average European country, with around 200 on the Australian continent at the time of European arrival.
Within each country, people lived in clan groups: extended families defined by various forms of Australian Aboriginal kinship. Inter-clan contact was common, as was inter-country contact, but there were strict protocols around this contact.
The largest Sovereign Original language group people today are the Anangu Pitjantjatjara who live in the area around Uluru (Ayers Rock) and south into the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. The second largest Aboriginal community are the Arrernte people who live in and around Mparntwe (Alice Springs). The third largest are the Anangu Luritja, who live in the lands between the two largest just mentioned. The Aboriginal languages and dialects with the largest number of speakers today are the Pitjantjatjara, Warlpiri and Arrernte.
Read more about Indigenous Peoples Of Australia: Australian Capital Territories, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
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“What is a country without rabbits and partridges? They are among the most simple and indigenous animal products; ancient and venerable families known to antiquity as to modern times; of the very hue and substance of Nature, nearest allied to leaves and to the ground,—and to one another; it is either winged or it is legged. It is hardly as if you had seen a wild creature when a rabbit or a partridge bursts away, only a natural one, as much to be expected as rustling leaves.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
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But what experience and history teach is this—that peoples and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted on principles deduced from it.”
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—Alex Atkinson, British humor writer. repr. In Present Laughter, ed. Alan Coren (1982)