History
The first to discover the idea was Kraitchik in 1922. After DLP became important in 1976 with the creation of the Diffie-Hellman cryptosystem, R. Merkle from Stanford University rediscovered the idea in 1977. The first publications came in the next two years from Merkle's colleagues. Finally, Adleman optimized the algorithm and presented it in the form we know it today.
Read more about this topic: Index Calculus Algorithm
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—Karl Marx (1818–1883)