Ideas of Reference and Delusions of Reference - Literary Analogues

Literary Analogues

  • In Mrs Dalloway, as a plane flew over a shell-shocked soldier, '"So, thought Septimus, they are signalling to me...smoke words"'.
  • The author, Virginia Woolf, recorded in a memoir how she herself 'had lain in bed...thinking that the birds were singing Greek choruses and that King Edward was using the foulest possible language among Ozzie Dickinson's azaleas'
  • In Margaret Mahy's Memory, the confused adolescent hero decides 'to abandon himself to the magic of chance. From now on his signposts would be words overheard accidentally, graffiti, advertisements, street names...the clues the city offered him'.
  • The Naval Intelligence hero of Treason's Harbour reflects ruefully that 'after a while an intelligence-agent tended to see spies everywhere, rather as certain lunatics saw references to themselves in every newspaper'.
  • In Vladimir Nabokov's short story, Signs and Symbols, initially published in 1948, the parents of a suicidal youth suffering from a variation of this disease, "Referential Mania", decide to remove him from a hospital in order to keep a more watchful eye.

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