Power Flows
In the "standard" car design the alternator (AC generator) and starter (DC motor) are considered accessories that are attached to the internal combustion engine (ICE) which normally drives a transmission to power the wheels propelling the vehicle. A battery is used only to start the car's internal combustion engine and run accessories when the engine is not running. The alternator is used to recharge the battery and run the accessories when the engine is running.
The HSD system replaces the geared transmission, alternator and starter motor with two powerful permanent magnet motors (a secondary starter/generator motor being designated MG1, the primary drive-regeneration motor being designated MG2), associated power electronics (3 DC-AC inverters and 2 DC-DC converters), computerized control system and sensors, mechanical power splitter (acting as a second differential), and HV battery (HVB) for HSD's main energy storage.
Through the power splitter, a series-parallel full hybrid's HSD system thus allows for the following intelligent power flows:
- Auxiliary power
- HVB -> DC-DC converter -> 12VDC battery
- 12VDC battery -> Various standard and automatic energy saving auxiliary functions
- Engine charge (Recharging and/or heating catalytic converter and/or interior comfort HVAC)
- ICE -> MG1 -> HVB
- Battery or EV drive
- HVB -> MG2 -> wheels
- Engine & motor drive (Moderate acceleration)
- ICE -> wheels
- ICE -> MG1 -> MG2 -> wheels
- Engine drive with charge (Highway driving)
- ICE -> wheels
- ICE -> MG1 -> HVB
- Engine and motor drive with charge (Heavy power situation such as in steep hills)
- ICE -> wheels
- ICE -> MG1 -> HVB
- ICE -> MG1 -> MG2 -> wheels
- Full power or gradual slowing (Maximum power situations)
- ICE -> wheels
- ICE -> MG1 -> MG2 -> wheels
- HVB -> MG2 -> wheels
- B-mode braking
- Wheels -> ICE
- Regenerative braking
- wheels -> MG2 -> HVB
- Hard braking
- Front disk/rear drum -> wheels
- All disk -> wheels (2010 and newer).
Read more about this topic: Hybrid Synergy Drive, Principle
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