Hybrid Coil

A hybrid coil (or bridge transformer, or sometimes hybrid) is a transformer that has three windings, and which is designed to be configured as a circuit having four branches, (i.e. ports) that are conjugate in pairs.

A signal arriving on one branch is divided between the two adjacent branches but does not appear at the opposite branch. In the schematic diagram, the signal into W splits between X and Z, and no signal passes to Y. Similarly, signals into X split to W and Y with none to Z, etc.

Correct operation requires matched characteristic impedance at all four ports.