US Navy
Between 1961 and 1992, Holy Loch was the site of the United States Navy's FBM Refit Site One (FBM: Fleet Ballistic Missile). It was the home base of Submarine Squadron (SUBRON) 14, part of Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. To make maximum usage of its submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) deterrent force, American military had determined that it required an overseas base for refit and crew turnover. Negotiations with the British Government began as early as March 1959 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower mentioned the need to British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan at a meeting at Camp David.
Holy Loch was one of several locations on or near the Firth of Clyde considered for the refit site. Others were Faslane, the channel between Largs and Cumbrae, Rosneath Bay, and Rothesay Bay. Site selection criteria included the requirements for a sheltered anchorage, relative proximity to an international airport, and sufficient shore facilities to provide housing for military personnel and their families. Agreement for the use of Holy Loch was reached near the end of 1960 and the arrival of the first tender, USS Proteus (AS-19) scheduled for December. Divisions within the British government and concerns about protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) caused her arrival to be rescheduled to 3 March 1961.
Between 1961 and 1982, the Naval Support Activity ashore was administered by US Naval Activities London. In 1982, Naval Support Activity (NAVSUPPACT), Forward Base, Holy Loch, Scotland became its own command. NAVSUPPACT ultimately managed 42 facilities and leased 342 housing units for Navy personnel and their dependents.
Over the years, five different submarine tenders and one floating dry dock served in the loch.
| Arrived | Departed | Tender | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 1961 | January 1963 | USS Proteus (AS-19) | Commenced first site one refit 6 March 1961. (USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)) |
| January 1963 | August 1966 | USS Hunley (AS-31) | |
| August 1966 | May 1970 | USS Simon Lake (AS-33) | |
| May 1970 | November 1975 | USS Canopus (AS-34) | |
| November 1975 | January 1982 | USS Holland (AS-32) | |
| January 1982 | June 1987 | USS Hunley (AS-31) | |
| June 1987 | March 1992 | USS Simon Lake (AS-33) |
| Arrived | Departed | Tender | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| June 1961 | February 1992 | USS Los Alamos (AFDB-7) | February 1964, completed the first "off center" docking of a Polaris submarine |
Laurel Clark, known to her shipmates as “Doc Salton”, was assigned as the Radiation Health Officer and Undersea Medical Officer at SUBRON 14. Clark was one of the astronauts who perished in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on 1 February 2003.
In 1992, the base was deemed unnecessary following the demise of the Soviet Union and withdrawn. The last submarine tender to be based there, the USS Simon Lake (AS-33), left Holy Loch in June 1992.
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