Several ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Resolution. However, the first English warship to bear the name Resolution was actually the first rate HMS Prince Royal (built in 1610 and rebuilt in 1641), which was renamed Resolution in 1650 following the inauguration of the Commonwealth, and continued to bear that name until 1660, when the name Prince Royal was restored. The name Resolution was bestowed on the first of the vessels listed below:
- HMS Resolution, a 50-gun third-rate frigate launched 1654 as Tredagh; renamed Resolution 1660; destroyed after grounding by a Dutch fireship in the St James's Day Battle 4 August 1666.
- HMS Resolution, a 70-gun third-rate ship of the line launched 1667; rebuilt 1698; foundered in 1703.
- HMS Resolution, a 70-gun third rate launched 1705; run ashore to avoid capture 1707.
- HMS Resolution, a 70-gun third rate launched 1708; wrecked 1711.
- HMS Resolution, a 74-gun third rate launched 1758; run aground and lost 1759 at the Battle of Quiberon Bay.
- HMS Resolution, a 74-gun third rate launched 1770; broken up 1813.
- HMS Resolution, the vessel of Captain James Cook in his explorations.
- HMS Resolution, a cutter purchased 1779; went missing in the North Sea June 1797, presumed to have foundered.
- HMS Resolution, a cutter in the West Indies, date of acquisition unknown and date of loss unknown. On 10 November 1800 Captain Peter Halkett of HMS Apollo captured the Spanish sloop of war Resolution in the West Indies. She was armed with 18 guns and had a crew of 149 men, under the command of Don Francisco Darrichena. Halkett reported that she was the former British navy cutter Resolution. Resolution was in such an irreparable state that after a few days Halkett destroyed her.
- HMS Resolution, a battleship in service from 1893 to 1914.
- HMS Resolution, a battleship in service from 1915 to 1944.
- HMS Resolution, lead ship of the Resolution class ballistic missile submarines in service from 1966 to 1994.