Colonial Rule
Even after this the foreign presence was minimal and the kings continued to rule much as before. The Europeans did, however, bring devastating diseases affecting both people and animals. Affecting the entire region, Burundi was especially hard hit. A great famine hit in 1905, with others striking the entire Great Lakes region in 1914, 1923 and 1944. Between 1905 and 1914 half the population of the western plains region died.
In 1916 Belgian troops conquered the area during the First World War. In 1923, the League of Nations mandated to Belgium the territory of Ruanda-Urundi, encompassing modern-day Rwanda and Burundi, but stripping the western kingdoms and giving them to British administered Tanganyika. The Belgians administered the territory through indirect rule, building on the Tutsi-dominated aristocratic hierarchy.
Following World War II, Ruanda-Urundi became a United Nations Trust Territory under Belgian administrative authority. After 1948, Belgium permitted the emergence of competing political parties. Two political parties emerged: the Union for National Progress (UPRONA), a multi-ethnic party led by Tutsi Prince Louis Rwagasore and the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) supported by Belgium. In 1961, Prince Rwagasore was assassinated following an UPRONA victory in legislative elections.
| Ethnic group | 1929 | 1933 | 1937 | 1945 | 1967 | 1987 | 1993 | 1997 | 2000a | 2000b | End-2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tutsi | 22 | 15 | 18 | 28 | 71 | 72% | 32% | 38% | 89% | 100% | 47% |
| Hutu | 20 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 28% | 68% | 62% | 11% | 0% | 53% |
Read more about this topic: History Of Burundi
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