Second World War
The paper was preceded by a stencilled newsletter which was started in May 1940 by Frans Goedhart and Jaap Nunes Vaz. In 1944 the paper, albeit illegal and vehemently persecuted, reached a circulation of approximately 100.000, and was distributed by the Dutch resistance.
Numerous staff were apprehended and killed by the Germans and their Dutch henchman. Nunes Vaz was arrested by the Gestapo on 25 October 1942 and sent to Sobibor concentration camp.
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