Henri Cazalis

Henri Cazalis (9 March 1840, Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-d'Oise – 1 July 1909) was a French physician who was a symbolist poet and man of letters and wrote under the pseudonyms of Jean Caselli and Jean Lahor. To describe several of his artist friends who were avant-garde painters he coined the term Les Nabis. The term drew a parallel between the way these painters aimed to revitalize painting (as prophets of modern art) and the way the ancient prophets had rejuvenated Israel. Possibly the nickname arose because "most of them wore beards, some were Jews and all were desperately earnest".

His works include:

• Chants populaires de l'Italie (1865)
• Vita tristis, Reveries fantastiques, Romances sans musique (1865)
• Melancholia (1868)
• Le Livre du néant (1872)
• Henry Regnault, sa vie et son œuvre (1872)
• L'Illusion (1875-1893)
• Cantique des cantiques (1885)
• Les Quatrains d'Al-Gazali (1896)
• William Morris (1897).

The author of the Livre du néant had a predilection for gloomy subjects and especially for pictures of death. His oriental habits of thought earned for him the title of the Hindou du Parnasse contemporain (cf. Le Parnasse contemporain).

Some of his poems have been set to music by Camille Saint-Saëns, Henri Duparc, Charles Bordes, Ernest Chausson, Reynaldo Hahn, Edouard Trémisot and Paul Paray.

He also maintained a correspondence of interest with the poet Stéphane Mallarmé from 1862 to 1871.

See a notice by Paul Bourget in Anthologie des poétes fr. du XIXieme siècle (1887-1888); Jules Lemaître, Les Contemporains (1889); Émile Faguet in the Revue bleue (October 1893). George Santayana's Poetry and Religion (1900) has an essay on his concept of La gloire du néant.