Tudor Halfpennies
Halfpennies in the reign of Henry VII (1485–1509) were produced mostly at London, but also at Canterbury and York. Henry's coins are fairly distinct from those of the earlier Henries, with the king's front-facing portrait being different in style, and the obverse legend reading .
By the reign of King Henry VIII, the halfpenny was becoming a coin of lesser importance, and less effort was spent on producing good-quality impressions on the coin blanks, with the result that many of the inscriptions are difficult to read. The coins of his first and second coinage (1509–1526 and 1526–1544) look similar to those of his father, Henry VII, although the obverse inscriptions were changed between the two coinages, from to – Henry by the grace of God a rose without a thorn (Henricus Dei gratia rosa sine spina).
The third (1544–1547) and posthumous (1547–1551) coinage halfpennies have a more lifelike bust, but were produced in debased silver (only 1/3 silver and 2/3 copper) and therefore are usually in a very poor condition.
In the short reign (1547–1553) of King Edward VI there were several issues of halfpennies. The first issue was produced between April 1547 and January 1549 at the Tower and Bristol mints; both mints' products are extremely rare and have the crowned bust of the king on the obverse, with the inscription (or on some Bristol coins) and a cross with or on the reverse. The final issue of halfpennies was produced at the Tower mint between 1550 and 1553 with the obverse legend being surrounding a rose in the centre of the coin, and the reverse showing around the royal shield over a cross. The quality of silver in this final issue of halfpennies was so poor that the coin was often used as a farthing.
No halfpennies were produced in the reigns of Mary, or of Philip and Mary, or for the first 20 years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
Halfpennies were produced in some quantity in Elizabeth I's fifth and sixth coinage issues (1582–1600 and 1601–1602). Because of their small size, they did not have the queen's effigy or any legends on them, but instead had a portcullis on the obverse and a cross on the reverse. Sixth-issue coins also had a mintmark on the obverse: "1" for 1601 and "2" for 1602.
Read more about this topic: Halfpenny (British Pre-decimal Coin)