Governor of New France

The Governor of New France was the viceroy of the King of France in North America. A French noble, he was appointed to govern the colonies of New France, which included Canada, Acadia and Louisiana. The residence of the Governor was at the Château St-Louis in the capital of Quebec City. Acadia, Louisiana, and the towns of Trois-Rivières and Montreal had their own particular governors.

Prior to the establishment of the 1663 Sovereign Council, the highest positions in New France were that of Governor and Lieutenant-General, which were often held by the same person. The Governor then had responsibilities over both military and civil affairs in the colonies. With the new royal administration of 1663, the title of Governor General was given to the person responsible for the military and diplomatic relations. The administration of justice, police, and finance was given to the Intendant, who presided over the Sovereign Council. The Governor General answered to the French Secretary of State of the Navy and the Controller General of Finance.

Beginning with Charles de Montmagny, North American Indians referred to the governor as Onontio, meaning "Great Mountain". Each Onontio was the head of the Franco-Indian alliance.

Office Holder Term Appointed by
Cardinal Richelieu 1627–1632 Louis XIII
Samuel de Champlain 1632–1635 Louis XIII
Charles de Montmagny 1635–1648 Louis XIII
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge 1648–1651 Louis XIV
Jean de Lauson 1651–1657 Louis XIV
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay 1657–1661 Louis XIV
Pierre Dubois Davaugour 1661–1663 Louis XIV
Viceroys of Canada
Federal
  • Governor General
Provincial
lieutenant governors
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Manitoba
  • New Brunswick
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Nova Scotia
  • Ontario
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Quebec
  • Saskatchewan
Colonial & territorial governors
  • New France (1627–1760)
  • Acadia
  • Newfoundland (1610-1949)
  • Northwest Territories (1869–1905)
  • Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, and British Columbia (1849–1871)
Topics of New France
Subdivisions Acadia (1604–1713) • Canada (1608–1763) • Louisiana (1699–1763, 1800–1803) • Newfoundland (1662–1713) • Île Royale (1713–1763)
Towns Acadia (Port Royal) • Canada (Quebec, Trois-Rivières, Montreal, Détroit) • Île Royale (Louisbourg) • Louisiana (Mobile, New Orleans) • Newfoundland (Plaisance) • List of towns
Forts Fort Rouillé • Fort Michilimackinac • Fort de Buade;• Fort de Chartres • Fort Detroit • Fort Carillon • Fort Condé • Fort Duquesne • Fortress of Louisbourg • Castle Hill • List of Forts
Government Canada (Governor General, Intendant, Sovereign Council, Bishop of Quebec, Governor of Trois-Rivières, Governor of Montreal) • Acadia (Governor, Lieutenant-General) • Newfoundland (Governor, Lieutenant-General) • Louisiana (Governor, Intendant, Superior Council) • Île Royale (Governor, Intendant, Superior Council)
Justice Intendancy • Superior Council • Admiralty court • Provostship • Officiality • Seigneurial court • Attorney • Bailiff • Maréchaussée • Code Noir
Economy Seigneurial system • 1666 census • Fur trade • Company of 100 Associates • Crozat's Company • Mississippi Company • Compagnie de l'Occident • Chemin du Roy • Coureur des bois • Voyageurs
Society Habitants • King's Daughters • Métis • Amerindians
Religions Jesuit missions • Récollets • Grey Nuns • Ursulines • Sulpicians
War & Peace Intercolonial Wars • French and Iroquois Wars • Great Upheaval • Great Peace of Montreal • Schenectady massacre • Deerfield massacre
Related French colonization of the Americas • French colonial empire • History of Quebec • History of the Acadians • History of Louisiana • French West Indies • Carib Expulsion • African slave trade
Preceded by
Lieutenant General of New France		 Governor of New France
1627–1663		 Succeeded by
Governor General of New France

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