Past Governments in Exile
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| Name | Exiled or created(*) since | Defunct, reestablished,(*) or integrated(°) since | State controlling its claimed territory | Notes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privy Council of England | 1649 | 1660* | Commonwealth of England (1649—1653) Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653—1659) Commonwealth of England (1659—1660) |
Based for most of the Interregnum in the Spanish Netherlands and headed by Charles II; actively supported Charles' claim to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland | |
| Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | 1971* | 1972° | Pakistan | Based in Kolkata, India; led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who later became President of Bangladesh | |
| Government of the Dutch Republic in exile | 1795 | 1814° | Batavian Republic | Based in London, and led by William V, Prince of Orange; ultimately they returned to create the Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
| Philippine Government in Exile | 1897 | 1898* | Spain | Based in Hong Kong, Emilio Aguinaldo set up a government in exile in the former British colony. A result of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato | |
| Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea | 1919* | 1948° | Empire of Japan | Based in Shanghai, and later in Chongqing; after Japan’s defeat in World War II, President Syngman Rhee became the first president of the First Republic of South Korea | |
| Czechoslovak government-in-exile | 1939 | 1945° | Czechoslovakia | Based in Paris and later in London, during German occupation of Czechoslovakia. After defeat of Germany, it took control of Czechoslovakia. | |
| Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic | 1958* | 1962* | French Algeria (France) | Established during the latter part of the Algerian War of Independence; after the war, a compromise agreement with the Armée de Libération Nationale dissolved it but allowed most of its members to enter the post-independence government | |
| Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile | 1962* | 1992° | Republic of Angola | Based in Kinshasa; its military branch, the National Liberation Front of Angola, was recognized as a political party in 1992 and holds three seats in Angola’s parliament | |
| Namibian Government in Exile | 1966* | 1989° | South Africa | Formed after opposition to the apartheid South African administration over South-West Africa, which had been ruled as illegal by the United Nations; in 1990, Namibia achieved independence. | |
| Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea | 1982* | 1993° | People's Republic of Kampuchea | Established with UN recognition in opposition to the Vietnamese-backed government. Elections in 1993 brought the reintegration of the exiled government into the newly reconstituted Kingdom of Cambodia. | |
| Polish government-in-exile | 1939* | 1990° | Occupied Poland | Based in Paris, Angers, and London, it opposed German occupied Poland and the Soviet satellite state, the People's Republic of Poland; disbanded following the fall of communism in Poland | |
| Estonian Government in Exile | 1953* | 1992 | Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic | Established in Sweden by several members of Otto Tief's government; did not achieve any international recognizion. In fact, it was not recognized even by Estonian diplomatic legations that were seen by western countries as legal representatives of the annexed state.
A rival government was created by another group of Estonian exiles in the same year in Munich but it was short lived. |
|
| Spanish Republican government in exile | 1939 | 1977 | Spanish State | Created after Francisco Franco's coup d'état; based in Mexico City from 1939 to 1946, when it was moved to Paris, where it lasted until Franco's death | |
| Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Exile | 1921 | 1954 | Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic | Formed after the Soviet invasion of Georgia of 1921; based in Leuville-sur-Orge, France | |
| Ukrainian People's Republic | 1920 | 1992 | Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Second Polish Republic Czechoslovak Republic Kingdom of Romania |
Organized after the Soviet occupation of Ukraine | |
| Aceh | 1976* | 2005 | Republic of Indonesia | Headquartered in Sweden; surrendered its separatist intentions and dissolved its armed wing following the 2005 peace agreement with the Indonesian government | |
| Bongo Doit Partir | 1998 | 2009 | Gabon | Founded by Daniel Mengara in opposition to president Omar Bongo; after Bongo's death in June 2009, Mengara returned to Gabon in order to participate in the country's elections | |
| Confederate government of Missouri | 1861 | 1865 | United States of America (Union) | Missouri had both Union and Confederate governments, but the Confederate government was exiled, eventually governing out of Marshall, Texas. | |
| Confederate government of Kentucky | 1861 | 1865 | United States of America (Union) | Kentucky had both Union and Confederate governments. The Confederate government was soon forced out of the state, and was an exiled government traveling with the Confederate Army of Tennessee, except for during a short return when the Confederate army briefly occupied Frankfort. | |
| Kingdom of Hawaii | 1893 | 1895 | Republic of Hawaii | Formed by members of the deposed government of Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii; a failed insurgency in 1895 forced the queen to formally disband the kingdom | |
| Kingdom of Belgium in exile (1914-1918) | 1914 | 1918 | German Empire | Formed in 1915 by the Government of Belgium following the German invasion during World War I. It was disbanded following the restoration of Belgian sovereignty with the Armistice with Germany. |
Read more about this topic: Government In Exile
Famous quotes containing the words governments and/or exile:
“It has become necessary to call the attention of European governments to a fact which is apparently so insignificant that the governments seem not to notice it. The fact is this: an entire people is being annihilated. Where? In Europe. Are there witnesses? One witness, the entire world. Do the governments see it? No.”
—Victor Hugo (1802–1885)
“The bond between a man and his profession is similar to that which ties him to his country; it is just as complex, often ambivalent, and in general it is understood completely only when it is broken: by exile or emigration in the case of one’s country, by retirement in the case of a trade or profession.”
—Primo Levi (1919–1987)