- U-boat (slang, US): A nickname for General Electric's Universal series of diesel locomotives (U25C, U30B, etc.) Not to be confused with early 20th-century German submarines.
- Underbridge (UK): A bridge carrying the railway and allowing a roadway (etc.) to pass under the railway.
- Union station or union terminal (US), joint station (UK): A railway station (q.v.) at which tracks and facilities are shared by two or more railway companies.
- Unit train: A train whose cars all carry the same commodity, such as grain or oil.
- Up (UK, etc.): A direction (usually towards London, other capital city, or the headquarters of the railway concerned) or side (on left-running railways, the left side when facing in the up direction). The opposite of down. The up direction is usually associated with even-numbered trains and signals.
- UP (US): The common name and reporting mark for the Union Pacific Railroad.
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