Glossary of Islam - F

F

Fajarah (فجرة)

Wicked evil doers. Plural of "Fajir" (فاجر).

Fajr (فجر)

dawn, early morning, and the morning prayer. The time of the day when there is light in the horizon before sunrise.

Falāḥ (فلاح)

deliverance, salvation, well-being.

Falsafah (فلسفة)

"philosophy" The methods and content of Greek philosophy which were brought into Islam. A person who tries to interpret Islam through rationalist philosophy was called a faylasuf (فيلسوف), "philosopher".

Fanā' (فناء)

Sufi term meaning extinction - to die to this life while alive. Having no existence outside of God.

Faqih (pl. fuqaha)

One who has a deep understanding of Islam, its laws, and jurisprudence. (see fiqh)

Al-Faraj

the return of the Shia Mahdi

Farḍ (فرض), plural Fara’id (فرأض) furud

a religious duty, or an obligatory action: praying 5 times a day is fard Neglecting a fard will result in a punishment in the hereafter. (See wajib)

Fard ayn ( فرض عين)

obligatory on every individual Muslim to aid in any way he can.

Fard kifayah (فرض كفاية)

an obligation on the Muslim community as a whole, from which some are freed if others take it up such as for jihad.

Fasid (فاسد)

corrupt, invalid/violable (in Islamic finance)

Fāsiq (فاسق)

anyone who has violated Islamic law; usually refers to one whose character has been corrupted (plural "fasiqun").

Fatiha

the short, opening sura of the Qur'an, which begins "In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Praise be to God, the Lord of the Worlds..." These words hold an important place in Muslim liturgies and forms the core of the salat.

Fatwā (فتوى)

legal opinion of an (alim) binding on him and on those who follow his taqlid

Fi Amanillah

May Allah protect you. Said when a person departs.

Fiqh (فقه)

jurisprudence built around the shariah by custom (al-urf). Literally means "deep understanding", refers to understanding the Islamic laws. (see faqih)

Fi sabil Allah (في سبيل الله)

for the sake of Allah; common Islamic expression for performing acts such as charity or Jihad and for 'qatlu' (fighting in mortal combat for the sake of Allah)

Fitna (pl. fitan) (فتنة)

trial or tribulation; also refers to any period of disorder, such as a civil war, or the period of time before the end of the world or any civil strife.

Fiṭrah (فطرة)

innate disposition towards virtue, knowledge, and beauty. Muslims believe every child is born with fitrah.

Furqān (فرقان)

the criterion (of right and wrong, true and false); for example, the Qur'an as furqan.

Fuwaysiqah

vermin, evil from the root fasaqa meaning to deviate from the right way