Glossary of Buddhism - T

T

Definition Etymology In other languages
tangaryō A period of waiting for admission into a Zen monastery at the gate, lasting anywhere from one day to several weeks—depending on the quality of one's sitting. Refers to the room traveling monks stay in when visiting, or await admittance into the sōdō.
  • Japanese: 旦過寮　
tanha Craving or desire
  • Pāli: taṇhā
  • Sanskrit: tṛṣṇā
  • Bur: တဏှာ tahna
  • Thai: ตัณหา tunha
  • Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui
  • 愛
    • Cn: ài
    • Jp: ai
    • Kr: 애 ae
    • Vi: ái
Tanto In Zen, one of the main temple leaders, lit."head of the tan." In a Zen temple, the Tanto is one of two officers (with the Godo) in charge monks' training.
  • Japanese:単頭
tantra Esoteric religious practices, including yoga, mantra, etc. See also Vajrayana.
  • Sanskrit: tantra
  • Mn: тарнийн ёс, дандар, tarniin yos, dandar
  • 續部,怛特羅
    • Cn: dátèluó
    • Jp: ??
    • Vi: đát-đặc-la
Tathagata one of the Buddha's ten epithets
  • Sanskrit: tathāgata; The "Thus-Gone One"
  • Bur: တထာဂတ tahtagata
  • Thai: ตถาคต tatha-kohd
  • Mn: түүнчлэн ирсэн, tuunchlen irsen
  • 如来
    • Cn: rúlái
    • Jp: nyorai
    • Vi: như lai
tathagatagarbha Buddha-nature or the seed of enlightenment
  • Sanskrit: tathāgatagarbha
  • 佛性, 仏性
    • Cn: fóxìng
    • Jp: busshō
  • Also 覚性
    • Cn: juéxìng
    • Jp: kakushō
    • Vi: giác tính
  • Also 如来藏, 如来蔵
    • Cn: rúláizàng
    • Jp: nyuoraizō
    • Vi: như lai tạng
teisho A presentation by a Zen master during a sesshin. Rather than an explanation or exposition in the traditional sense, it is intended as a demonstration of Zen realisation
  • Japanese: 提唱 teishō
tenzo In Zen, the head cook for a sesshin. In Zen temples, the officer in charge of the kitchen
  • Japanese: 典座 tenzo
  • 典座
    • Cn: diǎnzuò
    • Vi: điển toạ
Theravada, lit. "words of the elders", Most popular form of Buddhism in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka.
  • Pāli: theravāda
  • Sanskrit: sthaviravāda
  • Bur: ထေရဝါဒ hterawada ( or )
  • Thai: เถรวาท tera-waad
  • 上座部
    • Cn: shàngzuòbù
    • Jp: jōzabu
    • Vi: Thượng toạ bộ
thera or theri, lit. "elder", Honorific applied to senior monks and nuns in the Theravada tradition.
  • Pāli: thera
  • Bur: ထေရ htera
Three Jewels Three things that Buddhists take refuge in: the Buddha, his teachings (Dharma) and the community of realized practitioners (Sangha), and in return look toward for guidance (see also Refuge (Buddhism))
  • Pāli: tiratana
  • Sanskrit: triratna
  • Bur: သရဏဂုံသုံးပါး tharanagon thon ba OR ရတနာသုံးပါး yadana thon ba
  • Thai: ไตรรัตน์ trai-rut
  • Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum
  • Mn: чухаг дээд гурав chuhag deed gurav
  • 三寶
    • Cn: sānbăo
    • Jp: sanbō
    • Vi: tam bảo
Three periods
  • Three divisions of the time following the historical Buddha's passing: the Former (or Early) Day of the Law (正法 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō), the first thousand years; the Middle Day of the Law (像法 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō), the second thousand years; and the Latter Day of the Law (末法 Cn: mòfǎ; Jp: mappō), which is to last for 10,000 years.
  • The three periods are significant to Mahayana adherents, particularly those who hold the Lotus Sutra in high regard; e.g., Tiantai (Tendai) and Nichiren Buddhists, who believe that different Buddhist teachings are valid (i.e., able to lead practitioners to enlightenment) in each period due to the different capacity to accept a teaching (機根 Cn: jīgēn; Jp: kikon) of the people born in each respective period.
  • The three periods are further divided into five five-hundred year periods (五五百歳 Cn: wǔ wǔbǎi suì; Jp: go no gohyaku sai), the fifth and last of which was prophesied to be when the Buddhism of Sakyamuni would lose all power of salvation and a new Buddha would appear to save the people. This time period would be characterized by unrest, strife, famine, and other, natural disasters.
  • The three periods and the five five-hundred year periods are described in the Sutra of the Great Assembly (大集経 Cn: dàjí jīng; Jp: Daishutu-kyō, Daijuku-kyō, Daijikkyō, or Daishukkyō). Descriptions of the three periods also appear in other sutras, some of which ascribe different lengths of time to them (although all agree that Mappō will last for 10,000 years).
  • 三時
    • Cn: Sānshí
    • Jp: Sanji
    • Vi: Tam thời
Three Poisons or Three Fires
The three primary causes of unskillful action that lead to the creation of "negative" karma; the three root kleshas:
  1. Attachment (Pāli: lobha; Sanskrit: rāga; Tib.: འདོད་ཆགས་ 'dod chags)
  2. Aversion (Pali: doha; Sanskrit: dveṣa; Tib.: ཞེ་སྡང་ zhe sdang; Mn: урин хилэн, urin khilen; 瞋 Cn: chēn; Jp: jin; Vi: sân)
  3. Ignorance (Pāli: moha; Sanskrit: moha; Tib.: གཏི་མུག་ gti mug)
  • Pāli: kilesa (Defilements)
  • Sanskrit: kleśa
  • Sanskit: triviṣa
  • Tib: düsum (Wylie: dug gsum)
  • Bur: မီးသုံးပါး mi thon ba
  • Mn: гурван хор, gurvan khor
  • 三毒
    • Cn: Sāndú
    • Jp: Sandoku
    • Vi: Tam độc
Tiantai/Tendai A Mahayana school of China that teaches the supremacy of the Lotus Sutra
  • Chinese: 天台 tiāntái
  • 天台宗
    • Cn: tiāntái zōng
    • Jp: tendai-shū
    • Vi: Thiên Thai tông
trailõkya The 3 "regions" of the world:
  1. Kamaloka or Kamadhatu: world of desires (Sanskrit, Pāli: kāmaloka, kāmadhātu; Tibetan: འདོད་ཁམས་ `dod khams; Mn: амармагийн орон, amarmagiin oron; 欲界 Cn: yùjiè, Jp: yokkai Vi: dục giới)
  2. Rupaloka or Rupadhatu: world of form (Sanskrit: rūpaloka, rūpadhātu; Tibetan: གཟུགས་ཁམས་ gzugs khams; Mn: дүрстийн орон, durstiin oron; 色界 Cn: sèjiè; Jp: shikikai, Vi: sắc giới)
  3. Arupaloka or Arupadhatu: world without form or desire (Sanskrit: arūpaloka, arūpadhātu; Tibetan: གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་ gzugs med khams; Mn: дүрсгүйн орон, dursquin oron; 無色界 Cn: wú sèjiè, Jp: mushikikai Vi: vô sắc giới)
  • Sanskrit: triloka
  • Pāli: tisso dhātuyo
  • Tibetan: ཁམས་གསུམ་ khams gsum
  • Mn: гурван орон, gurvan oron
  • 三界
    • Cn: sānjiè
    • Jp: sangai
    • Vi: tam giới
trikaya The 3 "bodies" of Buddha:
  • Dharma-kaya (Sanskrit: dharmakāya; 法身 Cn: fǎshēn; Jp: hosshin; Vi: pháp thân)
  • Sambhoga-kaya (Sanskrit: saṃbhogakāya; 報身 Cn: bàoshēn; Jp: hōshin; Vi: báo thân)
  • Nirmana-kaya (Sanskrit: nirmāṇakāya; 應身,化身,応身 Cn: yìngshēn; Jp: ōjin; Vi: ứng thân)
  • Sanskrit: trikāya
  • 三身
    • Cn: sānshēn
    • Jp: sanjin
    • Vi: tam thân
Tripitaka The "Three Baskets"; canon containing the sacred texts for Buddhism (Pāli)
  • Vinaya Pitaka (Pāli, Sanskrit: Vinaya-piṭaka; Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ `dul ba`i sde snod; Mn: винайн аймаг сав vinain aimag sav; 律藏, 律蔵 Cn: lǜzàng; Jp: Ritsuzō; Vi: Luật tạng)
  • Sutra Pitaka (Pāli: Sutta-piṭaka; Sanskrit: Sūtra-piṭaka; Tib: མདོ་སྡེའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mdo sde`i sde snod; Mn: судрын аймаг сав sudriin aimag sav; 經藏, 経蔵 Cn: jīngzàng; Jp: Kyōzō; Vi: Kinh tạng)
  • Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pāli: Abhidhamma-piṭaka; Sanskrit: Abhidharma-piṭaka; Tib: མངོན་པའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mngon pa`i sde snod; Mn: авидармын аймаг сав avidarmiin aimag sav; 論藏, 論蔵 Cn: lùnzàng; Jp: Ronzō; Vi: Luận tạng)
  • Pāli: tipiṭaka
  • Sanskrit: tripiṭaka
  • Burmese: တိပိဋက Tipitaka
  • Thai: ไตรปิฎก Traipidok
  • སྡེ་སྣོད་་གསུམ, sde snod gsum
  • Mn: гурван аймаг сав, gurvan aimag sav
  • 三藏, 三蔵
    • Cn: Sānzàng
    • Jp: Sanzō
    • Ko: Samjang
    • Vi: Tam tạng
Triratna/Tiratana, see Three Jewels above
  • Pāli: tiratana
  • Sanskrit: triratna
  • Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum
  • Mn: гурван эрдэнэ, gurvan erdene
trsna, see tanha above
tulku A re-incarnated Tibetan teacher
  • Tibetan: སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ tulku
  • Mn: хувилгаан, khuvilgaan
  • 再來人 (轉世再來的藏系師長)
    • Cn: Zài lái rén
    • Jp: keshin
    • Vi: hoá thân
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