Principles of Construction
Absorption is the process of being drawn into a (usually larger) body, or substrate, and adsorption is the process of deposition upon a surface. This can be used to remove both particulate and gaseous hazards. Although some form of reaction may take place, it is not necessary; the method may work by attractive charges, for example, if the target particles are positively charged, use a negatively charged substrate. Examples of substrates include activated carbon, and zeolites. This effect can be very simple and highly effective, for example using a damp cloth to cover the mouth and nose whilst escaping a fire. While this method can be effective at trapping particulates produced by combustion, it does not filter out harmful gases which may be toxic or which displace the oxygen required for survival.
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MCU-2/P Protective Mask on a U.S. Navy member. The filter cartridge is on the left side of the mouth, which makes it easier to aim a rifle right-handedly.
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US Navy EOD M45 gas mask system.
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Gas mask used by the French military. The filter cartridge is connected via a flexible hose.
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Greek Infantry with gas masks
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