Fruit Tree Forms
The forms, or shapes, of most fruit trees can be manipulated by pruning and training. This is done to improve the suitability of trees for different situations and conditions, and to increase yield. For example pruning a tree to a pyramid shape enables trees to be planted closer together. An open bowl or cup form increases the penetration of sunlight, thus encouraging a high fruit yield whilst keeping the tree short and easy to pick from. Other shapes such as cordons, espaliers and fans offer opportunities for growing trees two dimensionally against walls or fences, or can themselves be trained as barriers.
Read more about Fruit Tree Forms: Forms, Yield and Spacing, Images
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—Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 B.C.)