Frontal Lobe - Theories of Function

Theories of Function

Theories of frontal lobe function can be differentiated into four categories:

• Single-process theories. Posit "that damage to a single process or system is responsible for a number of different dysexecutive symptoms” (Burgess, 2003, p. 309).
• Multi-process theories. Propose “that the frontal lobe executive system consists of a number of components that typically work together in everyday actions “ (Burgess, 2003, p. 310).
• Construct-led theories. Assume “that most if not all frontal functions can be explained by one construct (homogeneity of function) such as working memory or inhibition” (Stuss, 1999, p. 348; cf. Burgess & Simons, 2005).
• Single-symptom theories. Suggest that a specific dysexecutive symptom (e.g., confabulation) is related to the processes and construct of the underlying structures (cf. Burgess & Simons, 2005).

Stuss (1999) suggests a differentiation into two categories according to homogeneity and heterogeneity of function.

Further theoretical approaches to frontal lobe function include:

• Grafman's managerial knowledge units (MKU) / structured event complex (SEC) approach (cf. Wood & Grafman, 2003)
• Miller & Cohen's integrative theory of prefrontal functioning (e.g. Miller & Cohen, 2001)
• Rolls's stimulus-reward approach and Stuss's anterior attentional functions (Burgess & Simons, 2005; Burgess, 2003; Burke, 2007).

It may be highlighted that the theories described above differ in their focus on certain processes/systems or construct-lets. Stuss (1999) remarks that the question of homogeneity (single construct) or heterogeneity (multiple processes/systems) of function “may represent a problem of semantics and/or incomplete functional analysis rather than an unresolvable dichotomy” (p. 348). However, further research will show if a unified theory of frontal lobe function that fully accounts for the diversity of functions will be available.