19th Century
The city and harbour's most recent comprehensive fortifications were built as a result of the 1859 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom and consist of the Palmerston Forts in the Solent, the line of Forts situated along the top of Portsdown Hill, forts in Gosport and the Hilsea Lines.
Fort Cumberland and Lumps Fort were significantly rebuilt.
The Portsea fortifications were expanded slightly in the 1840s and 1860s as the dockyard was extended.
The city walls though were for the most part removed in the 1870s and 80s a task accomplished through the use of convict labour.
Read more about this topic: Fortifications Of Portsmouth
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