Calculations
Generally speaking, the power transmitting capability of a given fluid coupling is strongly related to pump speed, a characteristic that generally works well with applications where the applied load doesn't fluctuate to a great degree. The torque transmitting capacity of any hydrodynamic coupling can be described by the expression, where is the mass density of the fluid, is the impeller speed, and is the impeller diameter. In the case of automotive applications, where loading can vary to considerable extremes, is only an approximation. Stop-and-go driving will tend to operate the coupling in its least efficient range, causing an adverse effect on fuel economy.
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