Background
After two centuries, the Japanese policy of seclusion under the shoguns of the Edo period came to an end when the country was forced open to trade by American intervention in 1854. The years following the Meiji Restoration of 1868 and the fall of the Shogunate had seen Japan transform itself from a feudal society to a modern industrial state. The Japanese had sent delegations and students around the world in order to learn and assimilate western arts and sciences; this was done not only to prevent Japan from falling under foreign domination but to enable Japan to compete equally with the Western powers.
Read more about this topic: First Sino-Japanese War
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—Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908–1973)
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—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
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—Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter, Jr.)