Types
The three umbrella terms for the most commonly seen forms are Eskrima, Arnis and Kali.
The word Eskrima derives from the Spanish term esgrima which means skirmish or fencing.
Arnis comes from arnes, old Spanish for harness or armor (harness is also an archaic English term for armor with the same roots), which is what the costumes worn during Moro-moro (MorosSIS y Cristianos) stage plays were called when practitioners disguised their art as merely stage fight choreography for public entertainment under the Spaniards' noses.
The origins of the word kali are uncertain. One theory is that it may come from the Indonesian word tjakalele., another is that it's a contraction of Kamot Lihok (Cebuano for hand-body movement) The multitude of languages spoken in the 7,107 islands have not only diverged into over 170 dialects, but they have been constantly mixing with one another and as a result, Filipino martial arts comprise a vocabulary of heterogeneous terms.
Eskrima, Arnis and Kali are used interchangeably for weapon-based martial arts, particularly those that focus on bladed weapons or stick-fighting. Panantukan, pangamut and pamuok all refer to empty-handed striking methods, while pantadyakan and pananjakman are kick-based. Dumog or wrestling is considered one of the oldest unarmed Filipino fighting styles.
Aside from the more commonly seen blade and stick-oriented arts Eskrima/Arnis/Kali, there are also distinctly separate arts such as Kuntao, Silat (practiced in the South, next to Indonesia), Sikaran (practiced in Rizal province, which is primarily kick-based) and Yaw-Yan, a recent style very similar to Muay Thai.
Read more about this topic: Filipino Martial Arts
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