Upcoming Operations
A series of new operations on file descriptors has been added to many modern Unix-like systems, as well as numerous C libraries, to be standardized in a future version of POSIX. The at suffix signifies that the function takes an additional first argument supplying a file descriptor from which relative paths are resolved, the forms lacking the at suffix thus becoming equivalent to passing a file descriptor corresponding to the current working directory. The purpose of these new operations is to defend against a certain class of TOCTTOU attacks.
- openat
- faccessat
- fchmodat
- fchownat
- fstatat
- futimesat
- linkat
- mkdirat
- mknodat
- readlinkat
- renameat
- symlinkat
- unlinkat
- mkfifoat
- fdopendir
The Native API of the Windows NT family of operating systems also allows callers to specify a root directory when they open a file or other object by name.
Read more about this topic: File Descriptor
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—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)