Statement of Rule
The relevant part of the official FIDE laws of chess is rule 9.3:
The game is drawn, upon a correct claim by the player having the move, if- (a) he writes on his scoresheet, and declares to the arbiter his intention to make a move which shall result in the last 50 moves having been made by each player without the movement of any pawn and without the capture of any piece, or
- (b) the last 50 consecutive moves have been made by each player without the movement of any pawn and without the capture of any piece.
A claim does not have to be made at the first opportunity – it can be made any time when there were no captures or pawn moves in the last fifty moves.
A game is not automatically declared a draw under the fifty-move rule – the draw must be claimed by a player on his turn to move. Therefore a game can continue beyond a point where a draw could be claimed under the rule. Theoretically, a game could continue indefinitely this way; but in practice, when a draw under the fifty-move rule can be claimed, one of the players is usually happy to claim it (Hooper & Whyld 1992:134).
Games drawn under the fifty-move rule before the endgame are rare. One example is the game Filipowicz versus Smederevac, Polanica Zdrój 1966, which was drawn on move 70 without any captures having been made in the whole game and with the last pawn being moved on move 20.
Read more about this topic: Fifty-move Rule
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