Ferdinand Christian Baur (June 21, 1792 – December 2, 1860) was a German theologian and leader of the Tübingen School of theology (named for University of Tübingen). Following Hegel's theory of dialectic, Baur argued that 2nd century Christianity represented the synthesis of two opposing theses: Jewish Christianity (Petrine Christianity) and Gentile Christianity (Pauline Christianity). In the field of higher criticism, he proposed a late date for the pastoral epistles.
German Protestant theologian Adolf Hilgenfeld followed Baur's lead and edited the Tübingen School's journal, though he was less radical than Baur. A patristic scholar and philosopher at Tübingen, Albert Schwegler, gave the school's theories their most vigorous expression. The school's influence peaked in the 1840s, and was finally abandoned early in the 20th century.
Baur's views were revolutionary and often extreme, but: "One thing is certain: New Testament study, since his time, has had a different colour" (H.S. Nash). He had a number of followers, who in many cases have modified his positions, as his groundwork continues to be built upon into the 21st century.
Read more about Ferdinand Christian Baur: Early Years, Early Works, Simon Magus and Paul, Hegel's Influence, Pauline Epistles, Early Christian Conflicts, Theology, Death and Posthumous Publication, Tübingen School
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