The extrapyramidal system can be affected in a number of ways, which are revealed in a range of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), also known as extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSE), such as akinesia (inability to initiate movement) and akathisia (inability to remain motionless).
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are various movement disorders such as acute dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, or akathisia suffered as a result of taking dopamine antagonists, usually antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs, which are often used to control psychosis. It can also be a symptom of a metabolic disease.
The Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) are used to measure extrapyramidal symptoms. Extrapyramidal symptoms are also usually present in patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Read more about Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Causes, Conditions, Treatment
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“Protest, evasion, merry distrust, and a delight in mockery are symptoms of health: everything unconditional belongs in pathology.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)