Extended Periodic Table, Including The G-block
It is unknown how far the periodic table might extend beyond the known 118 elements. Glenn T. Seaborg suggested that the highest possible element may be under Z=130. However, Walter Greiner predicts that there may not be a highest possible element. (See also extended periodic table (large version).)
Periodic table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Superheavy elements may not exist, and may not follow the order of this table even if they do exist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 H |
2 He |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 11 Na |
12 Mg |
13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
43 Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 55 Cs |
56 Ba |
57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
71 Lu |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn |
||||||||||||||||||
7 | 87 Fr |
88 Ra |
89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
103 Lr |
104 Rf |
105 Db |
106 Sg |
107 Bh |
108 Hs |
109 Mt |
110 Ds |
111 Rg |
112 Cn |
113 Uut |
114 Fl |
115 Uup |
116 Lv |
117 Uus |
118 Uuo |
||||||||||||||||||
8 | 119 Uue |
120 Ubn |
121 Ubu |
122 Ubb |
123 Ubt |
124 Ubq |
125 Ubp |
126 Ubh |
127 Ubs |
128 Ubo |
129 Ube |
130 Utn |
131 Utu |
132 Utb |
133 Utt |
134 Utq |
135 Utp |
136 Uth |
137 Uts |
138 Uto |
139 Ute |
140 Uqn |
141 Uqu |
142 Uqb |
143 Uqt |
144 Uqq |
145 Uqp |
146 Uqh |
147 Uqs |
148 Uqo |
149 Uqe |
150 Upn |
151 Upu |
152 Upb |
153 Upt |
154 Upq |
155 Upp |
156 Uph |
157 Ups |
158 Upo |
159 Upe |
160 Uhn |
161 Uhu |
162 Uhb |
163 Uht |
164 Uhq |
165 Uhp |
166 Uhh |
167 Uhs |
168 Uho |
9 | 169 Uhe |
170 Usn |
171 Usu |
172 Usb |
173 Ust |
174 Usq |
175 Usp |
176 Ush |
177 Uss |
178 Uso |
179 Use |
180 Uon |
181 Uou |
182 Uob |
183 Uot |
184 Uoq |
185 Uop |
186 Uoh |
187 Uos |
188 Uoo |
189 Uoe |
190 Uen |
191 Ueu |
192 Ueb |
193 Uet |
194 Ueq |
195 Uep |
196 Ueh |
197 Ues |
198 Ueo |
199 Uee |
200 Bnn |
201 Bnu |
202 Bnb |
203 Bnt |
204 Bnq |
205 Bnp |
206 Bnh |
207 Bns |
208 Bno |
209 Bne |
210 Bun |
211 Buu |
212 Bub |
213 But |
214 Buq |
215 Bup |
216 Buh |
217 Bus |
218 Buo |
Blocks of the periodic table | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
s-block | p-block | d-block | f-block | |
Predicted elements are coloured in a lighter shade: | ||||
s-block | p-block | d-block | f-block | g-block |
All of these hypothetical undiscovered elements are named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) systematic element name standard which creates a generic name for use until the element has been discovered, confirmed, and an official name approved.
As of April 2011, synthesis has been attempted for only ununennium, unbinilium, unbibium, unbiquadium, unbihexium, and unbiseptium. (Z = 119, 120, 122, 124, 126, and 127)
The positioning of the g-block in the table (to the left of the f-block, to the right, or in between) is speculative. The positions shown in the table above correspond to the assumption that the Madelung rule will continue to hold for higher atomic numbers; this assumption may or may not be true. At element 118, the orbitals 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, 5f, 6s, 6p, 6d, 7s and 7p are assumed to be filled, with the remaining orbitals unfilled. The orbitals of the eighth period are predicted to be filled in the order 8s, 5g, 6f, 7d, 8p. However, after approximately element 120, the proximity of the electron shells makes placement in a simple table problematic.
Read more about this topic: Extended Periodic Table
Famous quotes containing the words extended, periodic and/or including:
“No: until I want the protection of Massachusetts to be extended to me in some distant Southern port, where my liberty is endangered, or until I am bent solely on building up an estate at home by peaceful enterprise, I can afford to refuse allegiance to Massachusetts, and her right to my property and life. It costs me less in every sense to incur the penalty of disobedience to the State than it would to obey. I should feel as if I were worth less in that case.”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)
“It can be demonstrated that the childs contact with the real world is strengthened by his periodic excursions into fantasy. It becomes easier to tolerate the frustrations of the real world and to accede to the demands of reality if one can restore himself at intervals in a world where the deepest wishes can achieve imaginary gratification.”
—Selma H. Fraiberg (20th century)
“You have got to prepare for a lifetime of the pillory, for whatever you do will be seen as wrong by total strangers, up until and including the time when whatever your child does will be seen as wrong by total strangers.”
—Sonia Taitz (20th century)