Ethnic Malays - Sub-ethnic Groups

Sub-ethnic Groups

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Ethnic group Historical realms Regions with significant population
Bangka-Belitung Malay Bangka–Belitung Islands
Bangkok Malay Min Buri, Nong Chok Lam Luk Ka, Mueang Pathum
Ayutthaya Province
Bengkulu Malay Bengkulu
Berau Malays Berau Regency
Bruneian Malay
  • Bruneian Empire (7th– 14th century)
  • Brunei Sultanate (1363–present)
 Brunei
Labuan, Sarawak, Sabah
Bugis Malay


Assimilated Malay group of Bugis descent
  • Linggi Sultanate (1700–1777)
  • Selangor Sultanate (1745–present)
 Selangor, Johor, Pahang
Riau, Riau Islands
Deli Malay
  • Asahan Sultanate (1630–1946)
  • Deli Sultanate (1630–present)
  • Langkat Sultanate (1568–present)
  • Serdang Sultanate (1728–1946)
 North Sumatera
Jambi Malay
  • Jambi Kingdom (7th century)
  • Dharmasraya (1183–1347)
  • Jambi Sultanate (1460–1907)
 Jambi
Javanese Malay
Assimilated Malay group of Javanese descent		 Johor, Selangor
Johorean Malay
  • Johor Sultanate (1528–present)
  • Muar Sultanate (1707–1877)
 Johor
Kedahan Malay
  • Bujang Valley Civilization (1st century)
  • Langkasuka (2nd −14th century)
  • Kedah Kingdom(Kedah Tua) (7th– 12th century)
  • Kedah Sultanate (1136–present)
  • Kubang Pasu Kingdom (1841–1864)
  • Perlis Kingdom (1842–present)
 Kedah, Perlis, Penang, Perak
Satun, Trang, Krabi, Phuket, Phang Nga
Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phattalung
Songkhla, Yala
Tanintharyi Division
Kelantanese Malay
  • Red Earth Kingdom (1st −6th century)
  • Kelantan Sultanate (1267–present)
  • Jembal Sultanate (1638–1720)
 Kelantan
Loloan Malay Jembrana Regency
Malaccan Malay
  • Malacca Sultanate (1402–1511)
 Malacca
Minangkabau Malay
Assimilated Malay group of Minangkabau descent
  • Chiefdom of Negeri Sembilan (1773–present)
 Negeri Sembilan, Selangor
Pahangite Malay
  • Pahang Sultanate (1470–present)
 Pahang
Palembangnese Malay
  • Srivijaya (7th–13th century)
  • Palembang Sultanate (1550–1823)
 South Sumatera
Pattani Malay
  • Negara Sri Dharmaraja Kingdom (1st Millenium–15th century)
  • Langkasuka (2nd −14th century)
  • Pattani Sultanate (1516–1771)
  • Singgora Sultanate (1603–1689)
  • Reman Sultanate (1785–1909)

Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, Songkhla, Krabi
Kedah, Kelantan
Perakian Malay
  • Gangga Negara (2nd – 11th century)
  • Perak Sultanate (1528–present)
 Perak
Pontianak Malay
  • Tanjungpura Kingdom (880–1590)
  • Matam Sultanate (1590–1948)
  • Pontianak Sultanate (1771–1950)
  • Sambas Sultanate (1675–1944)
 West Kalimantan
Riau Malay
  • Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911)
  • Bintan Sultanete
  • Siak Sultanate (1725–1949)
  • Pelalawan Sultanate (1791–1946)
  • Kuntu Kampar Sultanete (1234-1933)
  • Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1963)
  • Rokan Sultanate (1569-1940)
 Riau, Riau Islands, Limapuluh Koto, Pasaman
Sarawakian Malay
  • Sarawak Sultanate (1598–1641)
 Sarawak
Singaporean Malay
  • Kingdom of Singapura (1299–1398)
 Singapore
Sri Lankan Malay Sri Lanka
Tamiang Malay
  • Bukit Karang Kingdom (1023–1330)
  • Benua Tamiang Sultanate (1330–1528)
 Aceh Tamiang Regency
Terengganuan Malay
  • Terengganu Sultanate (1708–present)
 Terengganu

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    “Women over fifty already form one of the largest groups in the population structure of the western world. As long as they like themselves, they will not be an oppressed minority. In order to like themselves they must reject trivialization by others of who and what they are. A grown woman should not have to masquerade as a girl in order to remain in the land of the living.”
    —Germaine Greer (b. 1939)