Psychology
In the area of sensory perception, psychologists remember Mach for the optical illusion called the Mach band.
More clearly than anyone before (or even since) Mach made the distinction between what he called physiological (specifically visual) and geometrical spaces.
Mach's views on mediating structures inspired B. F. Skinner's strongly inductive position, which paralleled Mach's in the field of psychology.
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