Abbreviations of Common and Not Common Institutions
The term Kaiserlich und königlich (k.u.k., spoken /ka ʔʊnt ka/, meaning I. & R.) was decreed in a letter of October 17, 1889 for the army, the navy and the institutions shared by both parts of the monarchy. Institutions of Cisleithania used the term kaiserlich-königlich (k.k., meaning I. R., e.g. k.k. Eisenbahnministerium, I.R. Railway Ministry).
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