Egyptian Vulture - Description

Description

The adult's plumage is white, with black flight feathers in the wings. Wild birds usually appear soiled with a rusty or brown shade to the white plumage, derived from mud or iron-rich soil. Captive specimens without access to soil have clean white plumage. The bill is slender and long, and the tip of the upper mandible is hooked. The nostril is an elongated horizontal slit. The neck feathers are long and form a hackle. The wings are pointed, with the third primary being the longest; the tail is wedge shaped. The legs are pink in adults and grey in juveniles. The claws are long and straight, and the third and fourth toes are slightly webbed at the base. The bill is black in the nominate subspecies but pale or yellowish in adults of the smaller Indian ginginianus. Rasmussen and Anderton (2005) suggest that this variation may need further study, particularly due to the intermediate black-tipped bill described in rubripersonatus. The facial skin is yellow and unfeathered down to the throat. The sexes are indistinguishable in plumage but breeding males have a deeper orange facial skin colour than females. Females average slightly larger and are about 10-15% heavier than males. Young birds are blackish or chocolate brown with black and white patches. The adult plumage is attained only after about five years.

Measurements
Nominate
Culmen 31–34 mm (1.2–1.3 in)
Wing 470–536 mm (18.5–21.1 in)
Wing 460–545 mm (18.1–21.5 in)
Tail 220–251 mm (8.7–9.9 in)
Wing 240–267 mm (9.4–10.5 in)
Tarsus 75–87 mm (3.0–3.4 in)
Weight 1,600–2,400 g (56.4–84.7 oz)
ginginianus
Wing 393–490 mm (15.5–19.3 in)
Wing 455–505 mm (17.9–19.9 in)
Tail 228–251 mm (9.0–9.9 in)
Tarsus 72–85 mm (2.8–3.3 in)
majorensis
Wing 485–554 mm (19.1–21.8 in)
Tail 240–285 mm (9.4–11.2 in)
Tarsus 73.5–93 mm (2.9–3.7 in)
Weight 1,900–2,850 g (67.0–100.5 oz)

The adult Egyptian Vulture measures 47–65 centimetres (19–26 in) from the point of the beak to the extremity of the tail feathers. In the smaller N. p. ginginianus males are about 47–52 centimetres (19–20 in) long while females are 52–55.5 centimetres (20–21.9 in) long. The wingspan is about 2.7 times the body length. Birds from Spain weigh about 1.9 kilograms (4.2 lb) while birds of the Canary Island subspecies majorensis, representing a case of island gigantism, are heavier with an average weight of 2.4 kilograms (5.3 lb).

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