Later Activities
Bates returned to Missouri after leaving the cabinet. He participated in the conservative struggle against the adoption of the Missouri constitution of 1865. He wrote seven essays arguing against the constitution. He particularly objected to the "ironclad oath" required as a proof of loyalty, and the disfranchisement of rebel sympathizers. But his efforts proved unsuccessful. After the new constitution was ratified in the summer of 1865, Bates retired from politics altogether. He provided commentary on political events in the local newspapers, but never again played a prominent role in public policy. He died in St. Louis in 1869.
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