Properties
- The Dyck language is closed under the operation of concatenation.
- By treating Σ∗ as an algebraic monoid under concatenation we see that the monoid structure transfers onto the quotient Σ∗/R, resulting in the syntactic monoid of the Dyck language. The class Cl(ε) will be denoted 1.
- The syntactic monoid of the Dyck language is not commutative: if u = Cl then uv = Cl = 1 ≠ Cl(][) = vu.
- With the notation above, uv = 1 but neither u nor v are invertible in Σ∗/R.
- The syntactic monoid of the Dyck language is isomorphic to the bicyclic semigroup by virtue of the properties of Cl described above.
- By the Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem, any context-free language is a homomorphic image of the intersection of some regular language with a homomorphic preimage of the Dyck language on two parentheses.
- The Dyck language with two distinct types of parentheses can be recognized in the complexity class TC0.
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