Dryas Monkey - Life History

Life History

Adult male Dryas monkeys are characterized by their black muzzle, white whiskers and short white facial beard. The dorsal surface of their bodies, along with the coronal crown, is a grayish chestnut color. This species also has white on the ventral side of its body, tail, the bottom portion of the limbs and the buttocks. The upper portion of their limbs resembles a similar color to the rest of their body, being a dark-grey/black-brown color.

Adult females and offspring have smaller portions of their body that are white in color; the white color is not present around their shoulder areas or their buttocks. Another difference in coloration is present in the upper portion of the arms, which are lighter in color as compared to the males. Body size varies from 40 to 55 cm, with a tail an additional 50–75 cm. Adults weigh between 4 and 7 kg, with marked sexual dimorphism.

By use of quadrupedal locomotion, manner of locomotion by which movement occurs with a gait pattern involving all four limbs, this species prefers secondary forest locations. Although secondary forests are said to be preferred, these monkeys may also inhabit lowlands, rivers or swampy areas of the Congo. .

The diet of the Dryas is said to be made up of mostly vegetarian foods. Such foods include: fruits, young leaves, and flowers. Due to most of these vegetarian foods being seasonal, this species will also consume small invertebrates, such as insects, as a food substitute.

This species is very social, and will live in groups that are either made up of their own species exclusively or within groups of mixed species. Visual and oral communication is very important, whether communicating to other Dryas monkeys, or communicating to other individuals. When living exclusively amongst each other, troops are made up of up to 30 individuals. Troops include many young offspring and females, but only contain one male. When females reproduce, they have a single birth of one individual, and the gestation period lasts five months. Offspring will be fully matured and ready to reproduce themselves after three years of life. The expected lifespan in the wild is between 10-15 years, and because there are currently no Dryas monkeys in captivity, that lifespan is unknown.

As mentioned, communication is very important to this species, and they have a unique way of communicating with one another. Some examples of this unique communication include: Staring – which is a display used as a threat. The eyes stay fixed as the eyebrows rise and the scalp is retracted. The facial skin becomes stretched and the ears move back. These movements expose the eyelids, which are a different color and heavily contrasts with their facial color. Staring with open mouth – this is another threat expression that often goes along with head-bobbing. Head-bobbing – is another threat display that is thought to be more aggressive. Presenting – this behavior is used by females during the mating season, showing males they are ready to mate.