Examples and Uses
For example, suppose these data are to be analyzed, where pixel euclidean distance is the distance metric.
The distance matrix would be:
| a | b | c | d | e | f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | 0 | 184 | 222 | 177 | 216 | 231 |
| b | 184 | 0 | 45 | 123 | 128 | 200 |
| c | 222 | 45 | 0 | 129 | 121 | 203 |
| d | 177 | 123 | 129 | 0 | 46 | 83 |
| e | 216 | 128 | 121 | 46 | 0 | 83 |
| f | 231 | 200 | 203 | 83 | 83 | 0 |
These data can then be viewed in graphic form as a heat map. In this image, black denotes a distance of 0 and white is maximal distance.
In bioinformatics, distance matrices are used to represent protein structures in a coordinate-independent manner, as well as the pairwise distances between two sequences in sequence space. They are used in structural and sequential alignment, and for the determination of protein structures from NMR or X-ray crystallography.
Sometimes it is more convenient to express data as a similarity matrix.
Read more about this topic: Distance Matrix
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