Bacterial Diseases
| Appearance of brood comb | Age of dead brood | Color of dead brood | Consistency of dead brood | Odor of dead brood | Scale characteristics | Infectious agent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sealed brood. Discolored, sunken, or punctured cappings. | Usually older sealed larvae or young pupae. Lying lengthwise in cells. | Dull white, becoming light brown, coffee brown to dark brown, or almost black. | Soft, becoming sticky to ropy. | Slightly to pronounced putrid odor. | Lies uniformly flat on lower side of cell. Adheres tightly to cell wall. Fine, threadlike tongue of dead maybe present. Head lies flat. Black in color. | American Foulbrood |
| Unsealed brood. Some sealed brood in advanced cases with discolored, sunken or punctured cappings. | Usually young unsealed larvae; occasionally older sealed larvae. Typically in coiled stage. | Dull white, becoming yellowish white to brown, dark brown, or almost black. | Watery; rarely sticky or ropy. Granular. | Slightly to penetrating sour. | Usually twisted in cell. Does not adhere to cell wall. Rubbery. Black in color. | European foulbrood |
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