Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic, is the process of reasoning from one or more general statements regarding what is known to reach a logically certain conclusion. Deductive reasoning involves using given true premises to reach a conclusion that is also true. Deductive reasoning contrasts with inductive reasoning in that a specific conclusion is arrived at from a general principle. If the rules and logic of deduction are followed, this procedure ensures an accurate conclusion.
An example of a deductive argument:
- All men are mortal.
- John is a man.
- Therefore, John is mortal.
The first premise states that all objects classified as "men" have the attribute "mortal". The second premise states that "John" is classified as a "man" – a member of the set "men". The conclusion then states that "John" must be "mortal" because he inherits this attribute from his classification as a "man".
Deductive reasoning (also known as logical deduction) links premises with conclusions. If both premises are true, the terms are clear and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion of the argument follows by logical necessity.
Read more about Deductive Reasoning: Law of Detachment, Law of Syllogism, Deductive Logic: Validity and Soundness, Hume's Skepticism, Deductive Reasoning and Education
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