History
Julius Caesar and Pliny record a belief that European moose had no knee joints and could not get up if they fell over. This belief may relate to the ancient custom of trapping moose in steep-sided pits.
In 1255, Louis IX of France gave an elephant to Henry III of England for his menagerie in the Tower of London. Drawn from life by the historian Matthew Paris for his Chronica Majora, it can be seen in his bestiary at Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, with an accompanying text revealing that at the time, Europeans believed that elephants did not have knees and so were unable to get up if they fell over. The bestiary contains a drawing depicting an elephant on its back being dragged along the ground by another elephant, with a caption stating that elephants lacked knees.
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“History does nothing; it does not possess immense riches, it does not fight battles. It is men, real, living, who do all this.... It is not history which uses men as a means of achievingas if it were an individual personits own ends. History is nothing but the activity of men in pursuit of their ends.”
—Karl Marx (18181883)
“Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are eliminated. Such is history; such is the history of civilization for thousands of years.”
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“There is no history of how bad became better.”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)