Countershading

Countershading, or Thayer's Law, is a form of camouflage. Countershading, in which an animal’s pigmentation is darker dorsally, is often thought to have an adaptive effect of reducing conspicuous shadows cast on the ventral region of an animal’s body. In essence the distribution of light on objects that are lit from above will cause unequal reflection of light on a solid body of uniform colour; such shadows could provide predators with visual cues to a prey's shape and projection. Countershading therefore reduces the ease of detection of prey by potential predators by counterbalancing the effects of shadowing.