Comitative Case - Estonian

Estonian

In the Estonian language singular comitative is formed by adding the suffix '-ga' to the genitive in case of singular:

• nina (nominative: nose) → nina (genitive: of nose) → ninaga (comitative: with a nose)
• koer (nominative: dog) → koera (genitive: of dog) → koeraga (comitative: with a dog)

And by adding the suffixes '-de' and '-ga' to the singular partitive in case of plural, thus making first a plural genitive case and then adding the comitative suffix:

• leht (nominative: leaf, page) → lehte (partitive: leaf) → lehtede (genitive: of leaves) → lehtedega (comitative: with leaves)
• kass (nominative: cat) → kassi (partitive: cat) → kasside (genitive: of cats) → kassidega (comitative: with cats)

In the Estonian language comitative is also used to denote when something is used as an implement - kirvega (with axe / using an axe) or as a means of transport laevaga (by boat).