Ions in Aqueous Solution
| Name | Formula | Color |
|---|---|---|
| Alkali metals | M+ | Colorless |
| Alkaline earth metals | M2+ | Colorless |
| Scandium(III) | Sc3+ | Colorless |
| Titanium(III) | Ti3+ | Violet |
| Titanyl | TiO2+ | Colorless |
| Vanadium(II) | V2+ | Lavender |
| Vanadium(III) | V3+ | Dark grey/green |
| Vanadyl | VO2+ | Blue |
| Pervanadyl | VO2+ | Yellow |
| Metavanadate | VO3- | Colorless |
| Orthovanadate | VO43- | Colorless |
| Chromium(III) | Cr3+ | Blue-green |
| Chromate | CrO42- | Colorless or Yellow(sometimes) |
| Dichromate | Cr2O72- | Orange |
| Manganese(II) | Mn2+ | Colourless |
| Manganate(VII) (Permanganate) | MnO4- | Deep violet |
| Manganate(VI) | MnO42- | Dark green |
| Manganate(V) | MnO43- | Deep blue |
| Iron(II) | Fe2+ | Light blue |
| Iron(III) | Fe3+ | Yellow/brown |
| Cobalt(II) | Co2+ | Pink |
| Cobalt-ammonium complex | Co(NH3)63+ | Yellow/orange |
| Nickel(II) | Ni2+ | Light green |
| Nickel-ammonium complex | Ni(NH3)62+ | Lavender/blue |
| Copper(II) | Cu 2+ | Blue |
| Copper-ammonium complex | Cu(NH3)42+ | Royal Blue |
| Tetrachloro-copper complex | CuCl42- | Yellow/green |
| Zinc(II) | Zn2+ | Bluish-white |
| Silver | Ag+ | Colorless |
It is important to note, however, that elemental colors will vary depending on what they are complexed with, often as well as their chemical state. An example with vanadium(III); VCl3 has a distinctive reddish hue, whilst V2O3 appears black.
Read more about this topic: Color Of Chemicals, Examples
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